Darrick Robles Loneliness was widespread even before Corona: 5 percent of Germans stated in 2018 that they often felt lonely. The problems have been exacerbated by social distancing, contact restrictions and other corona measures. In Germany, the proportion of those who feel lonely more than half the time rose to 24.5 percent.
Social Isolation or Loneliness: What’s the Difference?
“The main difference between social isolation and loneliness is how people experience their situation themselves,” explains Dr. Radecka. “Social isolation means that someone has little to no social interactions. Loneliness is a feeling where you can be surrounded by people – and still feel alone.”
“Studies show that loneliness is more closely related to the quality than quantity of social interactions,” explains Dr. Radecka. While social media can help us stay in touch, it’s also often responsible for keeping connections with those around us superficial. One study found that spending too much time on social media can also further increase perceived loneliness.
Not only older people feel lonely
Older people are particularly affected by social isolation. In some countries, a third of all seniors feel lonely. “Elderly people are at increased risk of loneliness and social isolation because they often live alone, have lost loved ones and significant others, and often have health problems,” said Dr. Radecka.
But social isolation can hit us all at some point. For some people, social isolation comes and goes. Sometimes they temporarily have fewer contacts, perhaps due to a breakup or moving to a new city, but then this situation returns to normal. For some, however, social isolation can become permanent.
How our brain reacts to loneliness
“Research shows that both experienced loneliness and social isolation can impair brain function and cognition,” explains Dr. Radecka.
Studies have shown that the following brain regions are particularly affected:
Hippocampus: This area of the brain plays an important role in regulating our response to stress. A study found that people with fewer social contacts have higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
Amygdala: This area of the brain is important for forming memories – research suggests that this area is more developed in people who are socially active.
Prefrontal Cortex: This part of the brain plays an important role in social behavior, decision making, and memory function. Studies suggest that the function and volume of this area is reduced without regular social interaction.
“Social isolation can also affect our memory and information processing,” says Dr. Radecka. “There is even evidence that social isolation can increase the risk of cognitive disorders .”
How social isolation affects our psyche
Man is a social being . Relationships with other people are vital to our psychological well-being.
Social isolation is associated with an increased risk of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression . Mental illness, in turn, can increase the likelihood of feeling lonely. Researchers at the University of Leipzig have found that one in four Germans lives alone and is therefore part of the risk group. People with previous mental illnesses are particularly affected.
The good news is that there is also evidence that the negative effects of isolation can be reversed by resuming social contact . In a recent study, people who suffered cognitive decline during lockdown recovered quickly once restrictions were eased.
Clear information about the possible psychological consequences of isolation and social support for those affected also brought relief.
Overcome social isolation and loneliness
There can always be times when we feel lonely or isolated. “Loneliness is a normal human experience,” said Dr. Radecka. But there are many ways to actively counteract this situation. Here you can find some of them.
1. Social contacts as a priority
“There are many forms of friendships – but the decisive factor here is the quality, not the quantity,” explains Dr. Radecka. Make a date with someone you haven’t spoken to in a while, or set up a weekly phone call. Maybe there is a person in your environment who feels similar to you and who would be very happy to talk to you.
2. Become part of a community
Take a class to learn something new, find a volunteer job, or meet up with neighbors to have coffee or go for a walk. “Hobbies we enjoy are good for our mental well-being and a great way to meet new people,” said Dr. Radecka.
3. Keep moving
“For social anxiety, regular exercise can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression,” says Dr. Radecka. Regular exercise keeps you physically and mentally fit. Also, your body releases fewer stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol overall when you exercise more.
4. Confide in someone
If you feel that social isolation and loneliness are taking a toll on your health, talk to a friend, friend, or family member. Of course, you can also contact a doctor to discuss your situation confidentially. She or he can help you get the support you may need.
